Tenant Improvement's Renaissance

While tenant improvement allowances (TIA or typically just “TI”) might be the least glamorous trend on this list, it is probably the one that determines more expansion outcomes than any other.

At the center of every negotiation with a property owner is TI. As construction costs climb, tenant improvement is quickly becoming a mission-critical part of the financing stack businesses rely on to get units open. Moreover, the structure of a TI package materially changes the month-to-month payment dynamics from operators to property owners.

The smartest operators and property owners (sometimes called “landlords”) we know are deploying TI creatively to get deals with great operators done. 


The numbers. In 2026, TI allowances span enormous ranges — roughly $10–$250 per square foot in retail and $100+ per square foot for restaurants — but the allowance is never free money: it's negotiated against rent, term, escalations, and free rent.1 The average U.S. allowance sits near $43/SF,2 while actual buildout costs routinely run multiples of that: taking a cold shell instead of a second-generation space can mean $50–$90/SF of out-of-pocket cost the lease economics may not support. In our experience, it’s the number one misalignment point that leads deals between operators and property owners to fall apart.

Restaurants sit at the painful extreme, since hoods, grease traps, and HVAC make their buildouts the costliest in retail.4 As one 2026 broker guide puts it, the work letter is where deals are made or lost.3

Three consequences for the next decade. First, second-generation space becomes gold. The arbitrage of inheriting infrastructure explains why So. Fox took over a former Farm Burger,5 why Switchyards deliberately occupies old churches and auto shops,6 and why "no hood, no heavy equipment" concepts like Uncle Sharkii can outgrow better-funded rivals.

Second, TI capability becomes a brand's core competency — the operators who standardize buildout kits, compress timelines, and manage GCs like a supply chain will open units 30–40% cheaper and months faster than peers, which compounds across a 50-unit journey into an insurmountable lead.

Third, a financing market forms around the gap. The delta between landlord allowance and true buildout cost is precisely where banks are weakest (nothing to collateralize until the store opens) — so expect specialized TI and buildout financing, milestone-based draws, and landlord/lender hybrid structures to become standard instruments by the early 2030s. This is a gap we think about constantly at Homegrown, because buildout-to-opening is exactly the window where great operators are most capital-constrained and least bankable. We’ve been pioneering the TI Bridge / TI Advance since 2024. 

The 2036 picture. TI stops being an afterthought in the LOI and becomes a modeled, financeable, benchmarked asset class of its own — with data on cost-per-square-foot by concept type, standardized draw schedules, and underwriting that treats a proven brand's buildout like the pre-production of a franchise film rather than an all-out leap of faith. Third-party funding layers (like Homegrown TI Bridge & TI Advance) make this all possible.

THE TAKEAWAY

Never sign an LOI until shell condition and allowance are specified line by line; negotiate term against TI deliberately (longer terms typically unlock materially larger allowances⁷); and build a reusable buildout playbook by unit three. The brands that treat construction as a competency will simply out-open everyone else.

Sources

  1. The Cauble Group, "Tenant Improvement Allowance: 2026 Ranges + Calculator" — https://www.tylercauble.com/blog/tenant-improvement-allowances


  2. Solutions Group, "Tenant Improvement: How To Budget and Negotiate TI Allowance" — https://www.solutionsgc.com/tenant-improvement-how-to-budget-and-negotiate-ti-allowance/


  3. JDJ Consulting, "Average Cost of Restaurant Tenant Improvements" (2026) — https://jdj-consulting.com/average-cost-of-restaurant-tenant-improvements/


  4. The Local Palate, "So. Fox: A First Look" — https://thelocalpalate.com/articles/a-first-look-at-so-fox/

  5. ATXtoday, "Switchyards to open second 'neighborhood work club' in east Austin" — https://atxtoday.6amcity.com/business/switchyards-second-work-club-east-austin


  6. Bowser Construction Group, "Tenant Build Out Costs In 2026" — https://bowserconstructiongroup.com/blog/tenant-build-out-costs-2025/

  7. Terrapin Construction Group, "Tenant Improvement Buildout Costs for Commercial Retail Space (2026)" — https://terrapincg.com/news/tenant-improvement-buildout-costs-commercial-retail-2026

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